Nevertheless, he seeks to conceptualise general tendencies, in contrast to the untheorised collections often found in folklorism. Rather, his system consists of open-ended connections, and refuses to view issues in isolation. According to Michael Holquist, Bakhtin is a system-builder, but not in the sense of methodological closure. Bakhtin’s works also include detailed typologies of discourses, classified according to their structure and construction. Sometimes associated with Russian formalism, Bakhtin operates somewhere between a structural and constructivist approach to discourse. He also had a disability for much of his life, and while he does not write directly on disability issues, his concern with embodiment is apparent. He was refused his doctorate because of the controversial nature of his work on Rabelais, and subsequently sentenced to internal exile in Kazakhstan during Stalin’s purges. Working under the shadow of Stalinism, he was certainly a controversial figure. His work also has substantial importance for issues of political resistance. He is sometimes termed the most important Soviet thinker in the social sciences. Mikhail Bakhtin was one of the most important theorists of discourse in the twentieth century.
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